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  Cultivating the Record of Xutang, 21

  cultivation, gradual, 235

  Dachuan Puji; bio, 223; and Lingyun Zhiqin’s verse on peach blossoms, 37

  Daci Huanzhong, 258, 275, 277

  Dadao Guquan; bio, 223; and Ciming’s tiger roars, 144–45

  Dahui Zonggao; bio, 223–24; being and nonbeing, 55–56; practicing boxwood Zen, 55; and the Buddha as medicine, 125; on Zen teachings, 184; and Dongshan Huikong, 46; enlightened by poem of Yuanwu, 92; and Shoushan’s stick, 118; and silent illumination Zen, 224; verse on veteran general, 184–85; on “Wu” koan, 66; on “Xiangyan’s up a Tree” koan, 46; and “the walls of Caizhou are demolished,” 125; misc. 223, 239, 246, 267, 270, 278, 281, 283

  daily activities proclaim the Ancient Way, 50

  Daitō, see Nanpo Jōmyō

  Daitō’s One Hundred and Twenty Cases (Daitō hyakunijissoku), 10, 17

  Daitoku-ji school, 17

  Dajue, 109, 110, 273

  Damei Fachang, 252; bio, 224; and this very mind is buddha, 35; Layman Pang and the plum pit, 76

  dāna, 177

  Danxia Tianran; bio, 224; burning a buddha image, 64; misc., 257

  Danxia Zichun, 238

  Danyuan Yingzhen; bio, 225; and the circle-figures, 189–90; misc., 277

  Daoan, 242

  Daowu Yuanzhi; bio, 225; advises Jiashan to visit Chuanzi, 200; and Shishuang’s filling the water bottles, 178; misc., 244, 262

  Daoxin (Fourth Patriarch), 238, 260

  Daoxuan; bio, 225–26; and the greatest of meritorious deeds, 182

  dawn, as metaphor for light (duality), 105

  Dayu; bio, 226; and Linji’s awakening, 157

  Dazhu Huihai; bio, 226; and the six non-Buddhist teachers, 78–79

  death; and rebirth as a buffalo after, 91; and going down to the infirmary, 129; koans about, 36, 45, 51–52, 60, 73, 88, 91, 96–97, 98–99, 115, 164, 177, 208; of Layman Pang’s daughter, 88; and life, 149; and Magu, 115; and the seven wise women, 60; see also Great Death

  debts, karmic, of Venerable Āryasiṁha and the Second Patriarch, 141

  Deer Park, 83

  defilements (kleśa), 130, 207; becoming one with, 79; mind’s subtle flow of, 130

  Definitive Chart of the Ancestry for the Transmission of the Dharma in the True School, 233

  Delusion (bodhisattva), 68, 89

  delusion, 63, 66, 78, 238; bodies and minds are born of, 247; compared to weeds, 36, 137; diamond sword of wisdom cuts off, 148; dusts of, 201; “knowing” is, 97; master cuts off, 91, 217; and Mañjuśrī, 251; root of, 37; subtle, 44; throw off, 129; unity of d. and enlightenment, 247

  demons, 47, 128, 129, 175; and the Double Iron-Ring Mountains, 175; drifting to the land of, 60; heads, 71; incantations against, 47, 61; and the scholar, 61–62; spying on Nanquan, 255; and the veteran general of the Dharma assembly, 185; see also Mara, rakṣasas

  Deng Yinfeng; bio, 226; and Mazu Daoyi, 197; and the wheelbarrow, 197

  Deshan Xuanjian; bio, 227; burns his commentaries, 113; carries his bowls, 70; and a different way of doing things, 133; and the final word, 47, 143; and Longtan’s paper torch, 113: and the monk from Silla, 163–64; pushed by Sansheng onto the meditation platform, 108, 109; and where the sages of old have gone, 171; and teaching through devices, 143; misc., 140, 166, 249, 250, 259, 260, 275, 277

  Devadatta; bio, 227–28; falling into hell, 103; prophecy of becoming a buddha, 228; relation to the Buddha, 213

  devices, teaching through, 142–43

  Dhammapada, 176

  Dharma drum, sound of, 186

  Dharma eye, 75; of the mind-ground, 186; is without blemish, 200; see also True Dharma Eye

  Dharma freedom, 185

  Dharma King, body of, 207

  Dharma nature, preaching directly from, 185

  dharma realms (dharmadhātu), 87, 187, 199, 267; of the emptiness of emptiness, 187; four, of the Avataṃsaka Sutra, 100, 136–37

  Dharma Sea Sutra, 138

  Dharma teaching; five periods of, 187; of the nonsentient, 75; of the sentient, 75

  Dharma wheel, 80; in the Śūraṅgama Sutra, 187

  Dharma, 136; that enlightened teachers never teach, 162; false teaching of the, 64; joy in, 79; nonabiding, 122; seek nothing from the, 196; of supreme perfect enlightenment, 187; transmission to Mahākāśyapa, 119; vessel of, 122; vilifying the, 79; as wondrous lotus-flower, 121

  dharmadhātu, see dharma realms

  dharmakāya, 136; and eating food, 134; divided into a billion, 193; and expounding the Dharma, 81; manifestations of in the natural world, 95; and the three types of sickness, 43, 44; and the two types of light, 43, 44; Vairocana Buddha as, 188, 267; is without form, 200

  dharmas (phenomena); and the arising of mind, 224; are dependent on one another, 137; are empty forms, 87; not to perceive any, 135; are nothing but consciousness, 230; and Vairocana and Samantabhadra, 188

  Diamond Sutra, 72, 187, 188, 227, 241, 284

  diamond sword, see sword

  difficult to penetrate koans, 43

  Discourses of Dahui, 70, 182, 186; and the Flower Adornment samadhis, 185

  disease, 155; and the Buddha as medicine, 125; impossible to cure, 150; and Xutang’s staff, 155; see also illness

  do no evil, practice all good, 176

  Dōmae Sōkan, 21, 25, 26; Shūmon kattōshū of, 25–26

  donations, in Vimalakīrti Sutra, 78

  Donglin, on Avalokiteśvara, 189; see also Gushan Shigui

  Dongpo; bio, 228; misc., 189

  Dongshan Huikong; bio, 228; and Xiangyan’s “Up a Tree,” 46

  Dongshan Liangjie; bio, 228–29, 230; and the earth spirit, 114; and going where there’s no grass,137; and the Heart Sutra, 101; and the preaching of the sentientless, 229; on suffering illness, 229; and the wasted grain, 114; and the winter solstice fruit, 203; misc., 133, 219, 222, 245, 249, 259, 262, 265–66, 275, 277, 281

  Dongshan Shouchu; bio, 229–30; and receiving worthy friends, 158; spared the blows of Yunmen’s staff, 158–59; and three pounds of hemp, 74; and the visit of Mañjuśrī and Samantabhadra, 166; misc., 244

  Dongshan Xiaocong, 233

  donkey, in the back garden, 74

  Doushuai Congyue; bio, 230; and the final word, 123; and the lychee fruit, 123; the three barriers of, 36; misc., 282

  Dragon King, 254

  Dragon, Heavenly (Musō Soseki), 181

  dragon-head, on top of a pole, 120

  dragon(s); cloud, 87; heavenly, 186; one-eyed, 55; protectors of Buddhism and rulers of water, 204; taking to water, 160

  drop deluded thought, 80

  drum, Dharma, 186

  Du Fu (poet), 85, 237

  duck, wild, 151

  dumplings, fried, 77

  duty-monk (weina), 58, 114, 115, 174, 267; and work, 58, 174

  earth, element of, 36, 147

  East Mountain, walks on the water, 92

  East River, runing uphill, 133

  eight phrases of Hongzhi, 193

  eight-armed Nalakūvara, 65, 66

  eighty secondary characteristics of a buddha, 118

  Elder Ding, 275

  elements, four, see four elements

  Elephant King (Samantabhadra), 160

  elephant, lordly, 149, 150

  Emperor Daizong, 256

  Emperor Gaozong, 266

  Emperor Go-Daigo, 252, 265

  Emperor Hanazono, 265

  Emperor Huizong, 281

  Emperor Lizong, 271

  Emperor Muzong, 196, 274

  Emperor Renzong, 275, 284

  Emperor Suzong, 256, 285

  Emperor Taizong; bio, 267–68; and the Sixth Patriarch’s bowl, 201; misc., 276

  Emperor Wenzong, 92

  Emperor Wu, see persecution of Buddhism

  Emperor Wuzong, see persecution of Buddhism

  Emperor Xianzong; bio, 272–73; and the Buddha’s relics, 194–95; misc., 237, 280

  Emperor Xizong 262–63

 
Emperor Xuanzong (Dazhong); bio, 274; and Huangbo’s bowing, 196

  Emperor Yang, 266

  Emperor Yingzong, 284

  Emperor Zhongzong, 267

  emptiness; of all forms, 214; is form, 176; original, 141; and trousers, 126

  Encouraging Study of the Zen Barriers, 262

  enemy, as referring to true teacher or original face, 71

  Enkei Soyū, 285

  enlightened teacher (kalyāṇamitra, “good and wise friend”), 40, 71, 94, 145, 162, 163, 208; Ciming as, 145; what they never teach, 162–63

  enlightenment (wisdom); of Ānanda, 213; attachment to, 44; and blows with the staff, 163, 165; through breaking a leg, 282; of Chaling, 219; through circumstances, 37; of Dahui, 55, 92; and delusion, 247; and dragons, 204; eye of, 53; and the Diamond Sutra, 72, 187; and East River running uphill, 133; by extinguishing paper torch, 113; as a fundamental aspect of Zen training, 151; of Guishan, 235; by hearing a clap of thunder, 256; by hearing the sound of bamboo, 49–50; by hearing sounds and seeing forms, 89–90; by injuring a toe, 63, 103, 274; instantaneous, versus gradual cultivation, 235; of Jiashan, 200; by knowing cause and effect, 58; of Linji, 157; lofty realm of, 152; of Mazu, upon seeing Nanyue polish a tile, 122; and metaphor of the moon, 171; and mortal offenders, 86; by not picking and choosing, 269; as one aspect of bodhicitta, 235; other shore of, 79; pure realm of, 41, 42; relation to cultivation, 235; of Śākyamuni, 259; by seeing plum blossoms, 37; by seeing sweet-olive blossoms, 45; single path to, 103; and stopping thoughts, 202; by swallowing waters of the West River, 48; by thinking not of good or evil, 34, 97; and the three ages of the Buddhadharma, 120; of Xuefeng, on hearing the words of Yantou, 275; of Yangshan, on hearing the words of Guishan, 277; of Yu Di, 279; misc., 36, 44, 58, 63, 69, 79, 81, 83, 126, 136, 139, 145, 151, 166, 180, 188, 191, 199, 230

  enlightenment verses; of Lingyun Zhiqin 37; of Laymnan Pang, 48; of Xiangyan Zhixian, 49; of Yuanwu Keqin 94; of Chaling Yu, 201; of Xingjiao Hongshou, 207; of Dongshan Liangjie, 229; of Huineng, 242; of Xiangyan Zhixian, 272

  equality and distinction, see unity and differentiation

  essence, 198, 199; and activity, 191; of consciousness, 64; and function, 105; Guishan lacking in, 105; and Mañjuśrī, 166; all phenomena are lacking in, 232; of wisdom, 43; of Zen, 38; misc., 139, 153, 166, 182, 198, 199

  Essential Materials from the Zen School’s Successive Lamp Records, 17

  essential principle, and clinging to the seated posture, 122

  Essentials of Contemplation Sutra, 101

  Essentials of Instantaneous Awakening, 226

  Essentials of Transmitting the Mind; compilation of by Pei Xiu, 258; and levels of renunciation, 63

  Essentials, Three, see Three Essentials

  evening instruction, 128, 129, 158, 178

  existence; as endless blue mountains, 65; phenomenal, 65; provisional, 142; realms of, 75

  expedient means, 16, 136, 142, 180, 243

  Extensive Record of the Era of Great Peace, 51

  extinction, provisional, 142

  eye(s); clear, see clear-eyed; of the Dharma, see Dharma eye; of enlightenment, 53; of a gnat, 74; of humans and gods, 198; of the mind, 272; of the needle, 182; of practice, 199; World-Honored-One’s blue-lotus, 110; of Zen, 143

  eyebrows; falling out, 64, 116, 117; entangling, 127; misc., 4, 246, 279

  face(s); bodhisattvas’, 71; gates of the, 146, 147; Yu Di’s, 60; see also original face

  Fakong Zongben, 271

  Fan Yanzhi (Layman Qingyi); bio, 230; and Huanglong’s Three Barriers, 39

  father, 34, 51, 52, 86, 88, 99, 196, 227, 241, 283, 285; meaning of to Linji, 87

  Fayan school of Zen, 231, 274, 279; emphasis on the dharmakāya as manifested in nature, 95; Wuzu Fayan’s comment on, 86

  Fayan Wenyi; bio, 230; and the bamboo shades, 59; on Deshan, 163; and Zhaozhou speaking of the juniper tree, 38; and misunderstanding Jiashan’s surroundings, 95; and the stone in his mind, 230; and the sutra from which all buddhas issue, 72; misc., 258, 268, 274

  Fayun Gao; bio, 231; and the ordination certificate, 131

  Fenglin Barrier, 206

  Fengxue Yanzhao; bio, 231; and the end of the Linji lineage, 264; and Nanyuan’s pecking and tapping, 154; and Nanyuan’s staff of the south, 165, 166; Yangshan’s prophesy about, 162; and Shoushan Shengnian’s understanding, 110; not transgressing with speech or silence, 84–85; and the World-Honored-One’s blue-lotus eyes, 110; misc., 256, 264

  Fenyang Shanzhao; bio, 231; and koan work, 231; on the ten realizations, 184, 198; misc., 145, 223, 247

  Fenzhou Wuye; bio, 231–32; and “drop deluded thought,” 80

  Fifth Patriarch, see Hongren

  final word; Deshan doesn’t know the, 47, 143; Doushuai’s expression of and Zhenjing’s true medicine, 123–24; and the impassable gate, 123; Wumen’s comment on the, 143

  fire; and Baizhang’s armrest, 93; burns out an old master’s grave, 144–145; and Danxia’s buddha images, 64; element of, 36, 147, 187; and Guishan’s enlightenment, 235; as metaphor for light (duality), 104–5; and Zhaozhou’s “Put out the fire!” 107

  fireside, no guest or host by, 177

  First Buddhist Council, 213

  fish, wooden, 159

  five deadly sins, 86–87

  five heinous crimes, 86–87

  Five Houses of Chinese Zen, 86–87, 263

  Five Ranks, 191, 219, 229, 231, 266

  flagpole; and Ānanda, 119; with iron dragon-head, 120

  flame, as prajñā wisdom, 62

  flower(s); of the arjaka tree, 61; in the beaks of birds, 95; fragrant spring f. in Jiangnan, 84; peony, 71; World-Honored One holds up a, 110, 119

  Foguo Keqin, see Yuanwu Keqin

  Fojian Huiqin; bio, 232; and the evening turning-phrase, 82; misc., 271

  follower of the Way, 48, 63; free of thought, 106

  Fori Qisong; bio, 233; and the koan collection, 190

  form, is emptiness, 176

  formless; life from out of the, 139; true form of the, 119

  four dharma realms of the Avataṃsaka Sutra, 100, 136–37

  four elements (earth, water, fire, air), 36, 147

  four forms of demeanor, 279

  four modes of conduct, 129

  four positions of Linji on the person and the surroundings, 125, 173

  four propositions and the one hundred negations, 85

  Four-Part Vinaya, 168, 226

  Foyan Qingyuan; bio, 233; the evening turning-phrase, 82; and the monk bitten by a snake, 204; comment on a pillar tiring, 179; misc., 232, 236, 271, 281

  Fozhao Deguang, 218

  Fozhi Duanyu, 265

  friend; good and wise (kalyāṇamitra), 40, 94, 218; true, 140; true, never met a, 55, 140; worthy, 158; see also enlightened teacher

  fruit, lychee, 123, 124

  Fu Dashi; bio, 233–34; and service to others, 234; and Vimalakīrti, 84

  Fubei; bio, 234; and the word that can’t be said, 176

  Fukuan Sōki, 285

  function (compassion), 136, 160, 161, 203; and essence, 105; as fundamental aspect of Zen training, 151; highest, 50; as nondoing, 151; one with f. or separate from, 150; and perception, 160, 161, 174; of the Zen master, 91

  Gaofeng Yuanmiao, 284

  garuḍa, 181

  gate of misfortune, 80

  general(s); of the Dharma assembly, 184–85; eight heavenly, 182; Liu Bang, 243; Xiang Yu, 161, 271–72

  Genroku edition, Shūmon kattōshū, 18–19

  ghee, 122

  giving life and taking it away, 37, 155, 160, 168, 198, 199

  golden-duck censer, 94

  gong, 159

  good and wise friend, see friend

  grass; blade of as the body of buddha, 184; no blade of in ten thousand li, 137; as kleśa, 137; as medicine, 168

  grave, burned out by fire, 144

  Great Death, 192; as knowing nothing, 186; and “those who have expired,” 138; and the winter solstice, 129, 203


  Great King, 195

  great man, signs of, 204

  Great Matter, 198, 199; of birth and death, 197; of Buddhism, 200; entrusted to Yangqi by Ciming, 152; of Zen, 44

  Great Perfect Mirror Wisdom, 42

  Great Principle, 92

  Great Pure Sky, 41–42; and clouds, 41

  Great Sage of India, mind of, 111

  Great Sea, doesn’t harbor corpses, 138

  Guanghui Yuanlian; bio, 234; and all evil karma is born of wealth, 120; misc., 276

  Guangxiao Huijue; bio, 234; and slaughtering cattle, 192

  guest, examines the guest, 150; examines the host, 150; no g. nor host by the fireside, 177; in the room of the elder, 162

  guest and host, see host and guest

  Guifeng Zongmi, 258

  Guishan Lingyou; bio, 234–35; and a grain of rice, 177, 178; and Lingyun Zhiqin’s enlightenment on seeing peach blossoms, 37; and rebirth as a water buffalo, 73, 75; misc., 217, 220, 227, 228, 245, 248, 258, 262, 266, 270, 272, 277; see also Guishan and Yangshan

  Guishan and Yangshan; as founders of the Guiyang line, 190, 217; on Guishan’s mirror, 131; on Guishan’s rebirth as a buffalo, 73, 75; on Linji’s enlightenment, 158; and the man in a well, 76; on the mind’s subtle flow of defilements, 130; and function and essence while picking tea, 105; prophecying Fengxue Yanzhao’s coming, 162, 231; on Yangshan’s headrest, 81

  Guiyang school, 235, 277; and the circle-figures, 190; Wuzu Fayan’s comment on, 86

  Guizong Zhichang; bio, 235; resembled Mazu in depth of talent, 108; misc., 226

  Gulin Qingmao (Foxing); bio, 236; three turning-phrases of, 103

  Guo Tianmin, 245

  Gushan Shigui; bio, 236; as Donglin, 189; seeking his enemy, 71

  Haklenayaśas, 214, 251

  Hakuin Ekaku; bio, 236–37; and the cicada, 154–55; verse on “not entering nirvana,” 49; misc., 5, 10, 17, 21, 42, 43, 167, 219, 246, 254

  Hakuin Zen; Inzan line, 19; Takujū line, 19

  Han Yu; bio, 237; and the Budda’s relic, 194–95, 237

  hand-cloth, Magu’s, 115, 116

  Hanshan; bio, 237–38; and the Three Realms, 205

  Haoyue; bio, 238; court monk, 141

  head of a dragon and the tail of a snake, 163, 164, 204

  headrest, of Yangshan, 81

  Heart Sutra, 101, 176

  Heaven, Brahma, 68; Trāyastrimśa (Heaven of the Thirty-three Deities), 35, 117, 118, 121

  Hekizen hekigo, 18

  hell; and Devadatta, 103, 228; Dongshan falling into, 166; enlighted teachers falling into, 40; falling into as an act of compassion, 40; and Maudgalyāyana’s mother, 94; and mortal offenders, 86; as one of the six realms, 75, 187; as one of the three evil realms, 79; precept-breaking monks do not fall into, 49; and the single path to nirvana, 103